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Scientists reveal what came first, chicken or egg

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People have often debated the question of what came first, the chicken or the egg. This is a topic which everyone of all ages discusses but none of them could find the simple answer about this. But scientists appear to have answered the paradox.

The researchers from a study published in the Journal Nature Ecology and Evolution put forth an idea that the ancestors of the current birds and reptiles gave birth to live young.

Giving birth to living young allows the female to better protect her developing embryo until it’s ready to be born.

Researchers from Nanjing and Bristol University challenged the belief that hard-shelled eggs were the key to the success of amniotes — animals whose foetuses develop inside an amnion inside the egg.

The study noted that “the amniotic egg is very different from the anamniotic egg of extant amphibians, which lacks an eggshell and extraembryonic membranes”.

“The amniotic egg consists of a suite of fetal membranes, including the amnion, chorion and allantois, as well as an external shell that can be either strongly mineralized (as in rigid-shelled eggs) or weakly mineralized (as in parchment-shelled eggs),” the study said.

University of Bristol’s School of Earth Sciences led the study in which 51 fossil species and 29 living species categorised as oviparous, that lay hard or soft-shelled eggs, or viviparous, that give birth to live young, according to the Times.

“All the branches of Amniota, including mammals, show signs of retaining embryos within their bodies for extended periods of time,” found the study.

Professor Michael Benton, from the University of Bristol, said: “Our work, and that of many others in recent years, has consigned the classic ‘reptile egg’ model of the textbooks to the waste basket.” 

“The first amniotes had evolved extended embryo retention rather than a hard-shelled egg to protect the developing embryo for a lesser or greater amount of time inside the mother, so birth could be delayed until environments become favourable.”

“Sometimes, closely related species show both behaviours, and it turns out that live-bearing lizards can flip back to laying eggs much more easily than had been assumed,” project leader Professor Baoyu Jiang added.

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Google claims that its new chip has solved a quantum computing problem.

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Google announced on Monday that it had solved a complex quantum computing problem in five minutes using a new generation of chips, which would have taken a classical computer a longer time than the universe’s history.

Alphabet’s Google is pursuing quantum computing, like other corporate behemoths like Microsoft and International Business Machines (IBM), because it promises to achieve computer speeds that are significantly quicker than those of the most advanced systems available now. While there are currently no commercial applications for the arithmetic problem solved by the company’s Santa Barbara, California, quantum lab, Google expects that quantum computers can eventually solve issues in artificial intelligence, medicine, and battery chemistry that are beyond the capabilities of current computers.

A new chip named Willow, which has 105 “qubits,” the fundamental units of quantum computers, produced the findings that were made public on Monday. Despite their speed, qubits are prone to errors because they can be jostled by subatomic particles or events in space.

A semiconductor may become no more advanced than a standard computer chip when more qubits are crammed onto it. Scientists have been working on quantum error correction since the 1990s.

Google said in an article published Monday in the journal Nature that it has discovered a method to connect the qubits of the Willow chip in such a way that error rates decrease with increasing qubit count. Additionally, the business claims that it can instantly fix mistakes, which is a crucial step in making its quantum machines workable.

In an interview, Hartmut Neven, the head of Google’s Quantum AI division, stated, “We are past the break-even point.”

Using differing technical assumptions about a classical system, IBM contested Google’s claim in 2019 that its quantum processor solved a problem that would take a conventional computer 10,000 years, claiming that the problem could be solved in two and a half days.

Google says it considered some of those worries in its most recent projections in a blog post on Monday. Google claimed that a traditional computer would still require a billion years to achieve the same outcomes as its newest chip, even in the most optimistic circumstances.

In an interview, Anthony Megrant, principal architect for Google Quantum AI, stated that while some of Google’s competitors are manufacturing circuits with more qubits than Google, Google is concentrated on creating the most dependable qubits possible.

Prior to creating its own specialized fabrication facility to create its Willow chips, Google used a shared facility at the University of California, Santa Barbara. The new facility, according to Megrant, would increase the speed at which Google can produce future chips, which are kept cold in enormous freezers known as cryostats for experimental purposes.

“If we have a good idea, we want somebody on the team to be able to… get that into the clean room and into one of these cryostats as fast as possible, so we can get lots of cycles of learning,” Megrant explained.

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In its beta edition, WhatsApp offers reminder reminders for unseen status updates.

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For overlooked status changes, Meta’s well-known social messaging app WhatsApp has introduced a new reminder notification option.

Previously in testing, this functionality is now available to Android users who are engaged in WhatsApp’s beta program. WhatsApp for Android’s 2.24.25.29 beta version has the feature, which notifies users of unseen status updates and unread messages.

Users can access the “Settings” menu, select “Notifications,” and then go to the “Reminders” option to enable or disable the feature.

An internal mechanism is used to choose which contacts would receive these notifications, according to WABetaInfo. Contacts with whom users communicate the most are given priority by this algorithm. The data is not saved on the server or in backups, so if the user reinstalls the application, the algorithm is reset.

Some people think that the function would be more useful if it allowed users to personalise notifications for specific contacts, even if it is intended to alert users of updates from their most-interacted contacts.

Joining the beta program offers early access to this update for individuals who are keen to test it out before the stable release.

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For research purposes, OpenAI introduces a $200 ChatGPT membership.

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On Thursday, OpenAI released a $200/month version of its well-liked chatbot ChatGPT, which can be utilized for research and engineering disciplines as the AI company seeks to increase the number of industry uses for its technology.

The ChatGPT Pro tier will supplement OpenAI’s current ChatGPT Plus, Team, and Enterprise subscriptions. It demonstrates the company’s aspirations to expand the commercialization of its technology, which precipitated the AI boom.

The most cutting-edge OpenAI capabilities, such as its new reasoning model o1, o1 small, GPT-4o, and enhanced voice, will be available to users of ChatGPT Pro without limits, according to the business.

Additionally, the subscription includes O1 Pro Mode, a version that solves more complicated queries by using more processing power.

The o1 pro mode outperforms the o1 and o1 preview versions on machine learning benchmarks in math, science, and coding, according to OpenAI.

Three months after stepping down as president, OpenAI co-founder Greg Brockman announced on X Tuesday that he has rejoined the artificial intelligence startup.

A representative for OpenAI verified Brockman’s return.

Bloomberg News, the original source of the story, stated that Brockman has been collaborating with CEO Sam Altman to design a new position that would allow him to concentrate on important technological issues.

On X, he wrote, “I’ve had the longest vacation of my life.” returning to @OpenAI’s construction.

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