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Nobel prize goes to pioneers of molecule-building ‘click chemistry’

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STOCKHOLM: Scientists Carolyn Bertozzi, Morten Meldal and Barry Sharpless won the 2022 Nobel Prize in Chemistry on Wednesday for discovering reactions that let molecular building blocks snap together to efficiently create new desired compounds.

The technologies known as click chemistry and bioorthogonal chemistry are now used globally to explore cells and track biological processes, the award-giving body said in a statement.

“Using bioorthogonal reactions, researchers have improved the targeting of cancer pharmaceuticals, which are now being tested in clinical trials,” it added.

The prize was awarded by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and is worth 10 million Swedish crowns ($915,072).

The third of the prizes unveiled over six consecutive weekdays, the chemistry Nobel follows those for medicine and physics announced earlier this week.

Sharpless joins an elite band of scientists who have won two Nobel prizes. The other individuals are John Bardeen who won the Physics prize twice, Marie Curie, who won Physics and Chemistry, Linus Pauling who won Chemistry and Peace and Frederick Sanger who won the Chemistry prize twice.

“I’m absolutely stunned, I’m sitting here and I can hardly breathe,” Bertozzi said from California after the academy reached her by telephone with the news she had won.

The 2021 chemistry award was won by German Benjamin List and Scottish-born David MacMillan for their work in creating new tools to build molecules, aiding in the development of new drugs as well as in areas such as plastics.

The prizes for achievements in science, literature and peace were established in the will of Swedish dynamite inventor and businessman Alfred Nobel, himself a chemist, and have been awarded since 1901. Economics was added later.

The prizes have been awarded every year with a few interruptions, primarily for the world wars, and made no break for the COVID-19 pandemic though much of the pageantry and events were put on hold or temporarily moved online.

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In three months, Pakistan’s IT exports increased by 33.54 percent.

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During the first three months of FY 2024-25 (July to September), Pakistan’s IT export remittances hit US$ 876 million, a notable 33.54 percent rise from US$ 656 million during the same period previous year (FY 2023-24).

In a statement, Minister of State for IT and Telecommunication Shaza Fatima Khawaja stated that the amount of money sent home by the export of ICT services was US$ 292 million in September 2024, a 41.7% increase from US$ 206 million in the same month the previous year.

She stated that efforts to make it easier for businesses to conduct business in the nation are the reason why IT exports are rising and that actions are being taken to increase them.

In response to the Prime Minister’s directions, Shaza Fatima stated that the Ministry of IT and Telecommunication, the Pakistan Software Export Board, and the IT industry are dedicated to boosting IT exports with the full assistance of the Special Investment Facilitation Council (SIFC).

A trade surplus of US$ 764 million was recorded by the IT & ITeS sector in the first three months of FY 2024–25, accounting for 87.21 percent of all ICT export remittances.

Over the same period last year, this surplus represents a 36.67 percent gain over US$ 559 million. The services industry as a whole, however, experienced a trade deficit of US$ 699 million during this period.

The largest of all service sectors, ICT export remittances from July to September 2024, were US$ 656 million, followed by “other business services” at US$ 374 million.

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Instagram, WhatsApp, and Reality Labs layoffs are announced by Meta

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Instagram, WhatsApp, and Reality Labs divisions of tech behemoth Meta have all announced layoffs.

Part of the company’s continuous endeavour to match resources with its long-term strategic goals and location plan is the decision that was made on Wednesday.

The long-term goal of the adjustments, according to a statement from Meta, is to keep the business competitive. “Today, a few teams at Meta are making changes to ensure resources are aligned with their long-term strategic goals and location strategy,” said the statement. Though attempts would be made to assist affected staff in securing other opportunities, the corporation stated that although some employees will move to different roles, others may find their positions abolished.

Despite not disclosing the precise number of layoffs, Meta seems to be carrying out CEO Mark Zuckerberg’s “Year of Efficiency,” which he started in the previous year. In an effort to reduce costs overall and shift its attention away from the Metaverse, Meta has eliminated over 10,000 workers since making that announcement.

Curiously, the second quarter’s financial results beat expectations, and this was announced right after the layoffs. That being said, the decision to restructure its virtual reality hardware and software operations was probably influenced by the department’s continued significant losses.

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Adobe unveils the Firefly AI video creator.

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Adobe has enhanced its Firefly Video Model by introducing an AI-driven video generator to augment its creative apps.

The Adobe Firefly Video Model will boost the functionalities of creative tools such as Photoshop, Illustrator, Adobe Express, and Premiere Pro.

Ely Greenfield, chief technology officer of digital media at Adobe, stated, “The adoption of Firefly in our creative applications has been substantial, and it is inspiring to observe how the creative community has utilised it to expand the limits of possibility.” “We are excited to provide creative professionals with additional tools for ideation and creation, all engineered to ensure commercial safety.”

The inaugural Generative Extend tool for Premiere Pro is currently accessible in beta, enabling users to prolong clips by a maximum of two seconds at resolutions of 720p or 1080p at 24 FPS.

Users will furthermore have the capability to utilise the program to augment audio, prolonging sound effects by up to ten seconds.

Furthermore, Adobe is launching two new web-based video production tools: Text-to-Video and Image-to-Video.

These tools are currently accessible in a restricted public beta within the Firefly online application.

According to Adobe, the Firefly Video Model is currently in a restricted public beta on their website.

Individuals wishing to utilise the new tools must currently join the waitlist, while generations remain complimentary during this period.

The company announced that it will provide additional details regarding Firefly AI video generation offerings and pricing following its formal public launch.

The news occurred weeks after Meta introduced Movie Gen, an AI-driven tool for generating realistic movie clips.

The program will utilise a text prompt to produce 16-second films accompanied by synced AI-generated audio.

Meta has stated that Movie Gen will create personalised artificial intelligence videos utilising only one photograph.

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