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High food, petrol prices can trigger protests in Pakistan, warns IMF

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  • IMF releases executive summary of seventh and eighth reviews.
  • “High food, fuel prices could prompt social protest, instability.”
  • IMF says PTI’s subsidy package led to missing end-June fiscal target.

WASHINGTON: The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has warned against protests and instability in Pakistan amid rising inflation — which just hit a 47-year-high in August.

Pakistan’s inflation measured by the consumer price index (CPI) has hit a 47-year high, accelerating to 27.3% in August 2022, the level last seen in May 1975. The full impact of massive flooding on the prices of food items and other commodities is yet to come.

“High food and fuel prices could prompt social protest and instability,” the IMF said, in an executive summary of the seventh and eighth reviews, released under the Extended Fund Facility (EFF).

The IMF Executive Board earlier this week approved the seventh and eighth review of the stalled $6 billion Pakistan programme, and two days later on Wednesday, the State Bank of Pakistan (SBP) received the much-needed $1.16 billion deposit.

The funds were received after Pakistan caved to several demands of the IMF for fiscal tightening. The Fund has also asked the country to ensure several measures after receiving the loan.

The report said that risks to the outlook and programme implementation remain high and tilted to the downside given the very complex domestic and external environment.

It said that the spillovers from the war in Ukraine through high food and fuel prices, and tighter global financial conditions will continue to weigh on Pakistan’s economy, pressuring the exchange rate and external stability.

The report further said that policy slippages remain a risk, as evident in FY22, amplified by weak capacity and powerful vested interests, with the timing of elections uncertain given the complex political setting.

Apart from the risks of protests, socio-political pressures are expected to remain high and could also weigh on policy and reform implementation, especially given the tenuous political coalition and their slim majority in Parliament, the report said.

“All this could affect policy decisions and undermine the program’s fiscal adjustment strategy, jeopardising macro-financial and external stability and debt sustainability,” it said.

Moreover, elevated near-term domestic financing needs may overstretch the financial sector’s absorption capacity and cause market disruption.

The IMF said substantial risks stem from higher interest rates, a larger-than-expected growth slowdown, pressures on the exchange rate, renewed policy reversals, weaker medium-term growth, and contingent liabilities related to state-owned enterprises (SOEs).

“Further delays on structural reforms, especially those related to the financial sector (resolving undercapitalised banks and winding down SBPs involvement in the refinancing schemes), could hamper financial sector stability and reduce the effectiveness of the monetary policy. Finally, climate change risks are mounting, including a tendency for more frequent climate-related disasters.”

‘Significant fiscal slippages’

The report also mentioned that the former government of PTI granted a four-month “relief package” in late February that reversed commitments to fiscal discipline made earlier in the year.

The largely untargeted package reduced petrol and diesel prices (through a generous general subsidy and setting fuel taxes at zero taxation); lowered electricity tariffs by Rs5/kwh for almost all households and commercial consumers; and provided tax exemptions and a tax amnesty.

“These measures were accompanied by the deferral of regular electricity tariff increases, as well as increases in the minimum wage and public wages and pensions, and additional food subsidies,” it said.

The retention of these measures, as well as additional slippages in the third and fourth quarters, widened the FY22 fiscal deficit by more than one-and-a-half percent of GDP — missing the end-June fiscal target by a wide margin, the IMF report said.

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Changes in the US dollar’s value are directly correlated with variations in gold prices.

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The price of 24-karat gold in Pakistan increased by Rs1500 on Thursday, reaching Rs231,000 per tola. This was another jump in the price of gold in the country.

Dealers reported a comparable surge in the price of 10 grams of 24-karat gold, which is currently trading at Rs198,045 after rising by Rs1285. In addition, the cost of ten grams of 22-karat gold increased significantly, trading at Rs 181,541.

These fluctuations are strongly correlated with shifts in the US dollar’s value, demonstrating the tight connection between gold prices and exchange rates. This emphasizes how local gold markets are impacted by variables related to the global economy.

At Rs2,580, the price of 24-karat silver remains steady right now. The price of gold increased significantly on a global scale as well, rising by $14 to $2,214 per ounce.

It’s critical to understand that changes in the worldwide market can have a substantial impact on gold prices in Pakistan throughout the day. The gold rates that are offered are obtained from reliable sources, mostly situated in Karachi and Multan.

It is recommended that individuals seek the advice of nearby gold merchants and jewellers for the most precise and current information regarding gold prices.

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Pakistan pledged to finish building the TAPI gas pipeline.

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The minister discussed the importance of the TAPI gas pipeline project for Pakistan’s energy needs during a meeting with Turkmenistan’s ambassador to Pakistan, Atadjan Movlamov.

The Minister was congratulated by Ambassador Movlamov on taking office and his commitment to the project was noted.

Dr. Musadik Malik thanked the ambassador for his kind words, acknowledged the support, and promised to maintain the two nations’ friendship. The intergovernmental commission and working group meetings for the project this year were briefed by Atadjan Movlamov.

He invited the Minister to attend the Turkmenistan Energy Forum, which would take place in Paris the following month.

TAPI undertaking
The project is for the construction of a 1,680-kilometer pipeline with a 56-inch diameter that can carry 3.2 billion cubic feet of gas per day (bcfd) from Turkmenistan through Afghanistan and Pakistan to the border between Pakistan and India.

According to the terms of the TAPI agreement, Afghanistan would receive its portion of 0.5 billion cubic feet of gas per day, while Pakistan and India will each receive 1.325 billion cubic feet of gas per day.

In order to carry out the Turkmenistan-Afghanistan-Pakistan-India (TAPI) gas pipeline project, Pakistan and Turkmenistan inked a cooperative implementation plan in Islamabad on June 4.

Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and a delegation from Turkmenistan, led by Minister of Energy and Water Resources Daler Juma’a, were present at the ceremony.

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The price of gold is still rising in Pakistan.

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According to the All Sindh Sarafa Jewellers Association, the cost of 10 grams of 24 karat gold grew by Rs. 86 to Rs. 196,760 from Rs. 196,674, while the cost of 10 grams of 22 carat gold jumped to Rs. 180,363 from Rs. 180,284.

The price of silver per tola and ten grams stayed at Rs. 2,211.93 and Rs. 2,580, respectively.

According to the Association, the price of gold on the global market rose by $7 to $2,200 from $.2,193.

It is important to note that Pakistani and IMF personnel have agreed at the staff level on the second and final review conducted as part of Pakistan’s Stand-By arrangement.

The International Monetary Fund (IMF) and Pakistan have reached a staff-level agreement on the second and final review of Pakistan’s stabilization program, which is supported by the IMF’s US$3 billion (SDR2,250 million) SBA Agreement. This is according to the official statement released by a team led by Nathan Porter.

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